{"id":465964,"date":"2023-01-14T21:18:33","date_gmt":"2023-01-14T20:18:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.nl\/?p=465964"},"modified":"2023-06-22T10:17:34","modified_gmt":"2023-06-22T08:17:34","slug":"primary-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/methodology\/primary-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Primary Research | Definition, Types, & Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"
Primary research <\/strong>is a research method that relies on direct data collection<\/a>, rather than relying on data that\u2019s already been collected by someone else. In other words, primary research is any type of research that you undertake yourself, firsthand, while using data that has already been collected is called secondary research<\/a>.<\/p>\n Primary research is often used in qualitative research<\/a>, particularly in survey methodology, questionnaires, focus groups, and various types of interviews<\/a>. While quantitative<\/a> primary research does exist, it\u2019s not as common.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Primary research is any research that you conduct yourself. It can be as simple as a 2-question survey, or as in-depth as a years-long longitudinal study<\/a>. The only key is that data must be collected firsthand by you.<\/p>\n Primary research is often used to supplement or strengthen existing secondary research. It is usually exploratory<\/a> in nature, concerned with examining a research question<\/a> where no preexisting knowledge exists. It is also sometimes called original research<\/strong> for this reason.<\/p>\n Primary research can take many forms, but the most common types are:<\/p>\n Surveys<\/a> and questionnaires<\/a> collect information about a group of people by asking them questions and analyzing the results. They are a solid choice if your research topic seeks to investigate something about the characteristics, preferences, opinions, or beliefs of a group of people.<\/p>\n Surveys and questionnaires can take place online, in person, or through the mail. It is best to have a combination of open-ended and closed-ended questions, and how the questions are phrased matters. Be sure to avoid leading questions, and ask any related questions in groups, starting with the most basic ones first.<\/p>\n Observational studies<\/a> are an easy and popular way to answer a research question based purely on what you, the researcher, observes. If there are practical or ethical <\/a>concerns that prevent you from conducting a traditional experiment<\/a>, observational studies are often a good stopgap.<\/p>\n There are three types of observational studies: cross-sectional studies<\/a>, cohort studies, and case-control studies. If you decide to conduct observational research, you can choose the one that\u2019s best for you. All three are quite straightforward and easy to design\u2014just beware of confounding variables<\/a> and observer bias<\/a> creeping into your analysis.<\/p>\n Similarly to surveys and questionnaires, interviews<\/a> and focus groups<\/a> also rely on asking questions to collect information about a group of people. However, how this is done is slightly different. Instead of sending your questions out into the world, interviews and focus groups involve two or more people\u2014one of whom is you, the interviewer, who asks the questions.<\/p>\n There are 3 main types of interviews:<\/p>\n While interviews are a rich source of information, they can also be deceptively challenging to do well. Be careful of interviewer bias creeping into your process. This is best mitigated by avoiding double-barreled questions<\/a> and paying close attention to your tone and delivery while asking questions.<\/p>\n Alternatively, a focus group is a group interview, led by a moderator. Focus groups can provide more nuanced interactions than individual interviews, but their small sample size means that external validity<\/a> is low.<\/p>\n Primary research can often be quite simple to pursue yourself. Here are a few examples of different research methods<\/a> you can use to explore different topics.<\/p>\n Primary research is a great choice for many research projects, but it has distinct advantages and disadvantages.<\/p>\n Advantages include:<\/p>\n Disadvantages include:<\/p>\n If you want to know more about statistics<\/a>, methodology<\/a>, or research bias<\/a>, make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.<\/p>\n <\/em>Statistics<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/em> Methodology<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/em> Research bias<\/strong><\/p>\n The 3 main types of primary research<\/a> are:<\/p>\n Exploratory research<\/strong><\/a> aims to explore the main aspects of an under-researched problem, while explanatory research<\/strong><\/a> aims to explain the causes and consequences of a well-defined problem.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/dd>\n <\/div>\n There are several methods you can use to decrease the impact of confounding variables<\/a> on your research: restriction, matching, statistical control and randomization.<\/p>\n In restriction<\/strong>, you restrict your sample<\/a> by only including certain subjects that have the same values of potential confounding variables.<\/p>\n In matching<\/strong>, you match each of the subjects in your treatment group with a counterpart in the comparison group. The matched subjects have the same values on any potential confounding variables, and only differ in the independent variable<\/a>.<\/p>\n In statistical control<\/strong>, you include potential confounders as variables in your regression<\/a>.<\/p>\n In randomization<\/strong>, you randomly assign the treatment (or independent variable) in your study to a sufficiently large number of subjects, which allows you to control for all potential confounding variables.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/dd>\n <\/div>\n A questionnaire<\/a> is a data collection tool or instrument, while a survey<\/a> is an overarching research method that involves collecting and analyzing data from people using questionnaires.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/dd>\n <\/div>\n When conducting research, collecting original data has significant advantages:<\/p>\n However, there are also some drawbacks: data collection can be time-consuming, labor-intensive and expensive. In some cases, it’s more efficient to use secondary data that has already been collected by someone else, but the data might be less reliable.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/dd>\n <\/div>\n <\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Primary research is a research method that relies on direct data collection, rather than relying on data that\u2019s already been collected by someone else. In other words, primary research is any type of research that you undertake yourself, firsthand, while using data that has already been collected is called secondary research. Example: Primary researchYou are […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":133,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":""},"categories":[23650],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"When to use primary research<\/h2>\n
Types of primary research<\/h2>\n
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Surveys and questionnaires<\/h3>\n
Observational studies<\/h3>\n
Interviews and focus groups<\/h3>\n
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Examples of primary research<\/h2>\n
Advantages and disadvantages of primary research<\/h2>\n
Advantages of primary research<\/h3>\n
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Disadvantages of primary research<\/h3>\n
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Other interesting articles<\/h2>\n
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Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n
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